Diverter for stenciling



Jan. 28, 1930. J. cfzu'BLl l DIVERTER FOR STENCILING Original Filed Aug. 31, 1926 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 dusus CI Zublz Patented Jan. 28, 1930 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE JUSTUS C. ZUBLI, OF BREMERTON, WASHINGTON DIVERTER FOR STENCILING Refled for abandoned application Serial g patent referred to, a medium, as for example v liquid coloring matter, is applied by sprayo ing or otherwise, to diffuse it, in such a way that it strikes the surface to lbe stenciled and the stencils or diverters supported thereon or close to such surface, and through the agency of the diverters, a design is left on the surface which is more or less clear, though usually blending into the background, without sharp margins. Outside of the area protected by the diverters the surface is coated with the coloring matter.

Itis also explained in the patent referred to that the stenciling or imparting medium applied to the surface to be stenciled may be colors, mordants, light, or any other medium which will produce a change in the surface and which can be intercepted by the diverters. The present application is concerned only with the diverters, and it is an object of the present invention, therefore, to provide diverters which may assume various forms and which may be arranged in various combinations and in several different relationships to the surface, by means of which the widely varying effects may be produced upon the surface.

More specifically it is an object to point out the principles underlying such diverters to the ends that one skilled in the art will be advised `as to the manner of, and tbe diverters for Iusein, producing designs of a wide variety of shapes and characteristics.

No. 132,710, filed August 31, 1926.

Serial No. 381,059.

This application :tiled July 25,

Other objects, and specifically objects pertaining to particular types of diverters, will be best understood from a study of the following specification, wherein various forms and shapes of diverters have been described, and in connection with the study of the drawings, showing various illustrative types of diverters and the work produced through the use of the same. Those features which I believe to be novel and to comprise my invention will be more particularly set forth in the claims terminating the specification.

Figure 1 is a plan view of a composite diverter.

Figure 2 is a section on line 2-2 of Figw ure 1.

Figure 3 is a view illustrating the character of the design produced by the use of such a diverter.

Figures 4 to 21, inclusive, are transverse sections through various typical diverters, both simple and complex, and illustrating various ways of employing and combining various diverters,

Figures 22a and 22" are respectively, a section through a diverter and a view illustrating the character of work produced by manipulation of a simple type of diverter.

Figure 23 is a section of a complex type of diverter and stencil set.

Figure 24CL is an elevation of a complex diverter and Figures 24b and 24C are sections therethrough on the respective lines band c-c.

Figure 25a is a perspective view of a special type of diverter and Figure 25" is a view of the work that may be done through the use of such a diverter.

Figure 26 is a section through a further type of diverter.

I have illustrated a number of forms which may be assumed by the diverters and a number of methods in which the various diverters may be employed. For example, Figure 4 illustrates a diverter 1, having the cross-section of a tape, that is, being of any appreciable height but of little width and standing on edge. This may be assumed as the primarv type of diverter, for it is the properity of height above the surface to be colored which causes it to intercept a portion of the material sprayed upon the sheet and to permit a diffused portion of the medium to pass behind it and to produce a shaded effect on the surface` It is this quality of possessing height which distinguishes such a diverter from the ordinary flat stencils which produce a sharply defined outline on the surface.

Figure 5 illustrates a modification of this primary form in the diverter 2, which is of round cross-section, thus possessing equal breadth and height.

Figure 6 illustrates the primary diverter 1, with what may be called the secondary type of diverter 3, supported thereon to form a T-shaped cross-section. This produces a stencil 3 of considerable breadth but spaced by the primary diverter 1 well above the surface. In Figure 7, the form of Figure 6 has been varied by employing the round diverter 2 in association with the broad diverter 3.

Figure 8 illustrates what might be called the primary type of diverter 1 on stilts 4. These stilts comprise fine pins or supports by means of which the lower edge of the tapelike diverter 1 is raised above the surface S. By directing the liquid medium along the lines of the arrows A and A, the surface beneath the lower edge of the diverter 1 is colored. This method of use I call the relieved contact method, to distinguish it from the full contact, as shown in Figures 4, 5, 6 and 7. The relieved Contact idea is illustrated in Figure 9, wherein a round diverter 2 is shown as supported above the surface S by means of a screen 5. This method of support may be applied to diverters of various shapes and cross-sections.

In Figure 10 is illustrated a primary composite diverter. Here a tape-like divert-er 1 is placed beside a diverter 2 of round cross-section. It modifies the application of the coloring material to the sheet in such a way that an effect is produced which is different from that which would be produced by either one alone, orbyboth used in succession. Figure 11 illustrates a similar idea with a second round diverter 2 employed in addition.

Fi rure 12 illustrates a composite diverter 1 which employs a variety of angles and spaeing between the component parts of the diverter, making it possible to produce a variety of raduations in shades.

Figures 12 and 13 illustrate the principle of reflected application of stenciling material. The diverter 6 in Figure 12 has ay side wall 7 which is inclined andwhich will reflect color, applied at the angle A, downward, so that while the diverter 8` is positioned so close to the diverter 6 that ordinarily the surface between them would not receive color applied at the angle A, it will in effect receive this color by reflection from the surface 7 of the diverter G. Color applied at the angle A would strongly and directly affect the surface between the diverters G and 8 and would also be somewhat deflected therefrom. The dominant color on the surface between the diverters G and 8 would be that applied at the angle A, although tinged to a slight degree by color applied at the angle A.

The adjacent walls 7 of the diverters 8 and 9 are shown as vertical and the surface between them would therefore receive equally, by direct Contact and by reflection, colors applied at the angles A and A. Neither color would predominate and the effect would be an equal blending of the two colors. The surface 7 of the diverter 10, which is adjacent to the diverter 9, is undercut, and hence would intercept most, if not all, of the color applied at the angle A. The result would be a blend from the color applied at the angle A through a. common color to the color applied at A and A. Again, at the right hand side of the diverter 10, color applied at the angle A would coincide with the angle of the sidewall of the diverter and would be applied evenly to the surface, whereas color applied at the angle A would be almost wholly intercepted and would not affect this surface. In Figure 13 the arrows show the manner in which the various undercut surfaces of a diverter and shapes thereof will affect the reflection and cause a variation arranged in blending bands corresponding with the various shapes of the undercut over the surface thus covered.

In Figure 14 the principle of reflection is employed to stencil upon a surface S, which is arranged adjacent the supporting surface S. A diverter 1 is supported above or upon the surface S, and the surface S is held to the diverter, as by means of a weight IV. Color applied at the angle A will be reflected from the surface S as indicated at A and thus reaches the surface S. This method would ordinarily be employed only when the color is of such consistency that it is not desirable to allow it to run from the diverter downward upon the surface to be stenciled. By this method it drains away from the surface S to be stenciled.

Figure 15 illustrates a composite diverter iliade up of a tape-like primary diverter 1 and a modified round or wire-like diverter 2. The diverter 1 is applied directly to the surface S and the wire 2 overlies the member 1. Being formed as a scroll, for example, parts of the wire 2 will lie upon the upper edge of the member 1 and parts thereof will lie upon the surface S, thus varying the spacing of portions of the Wire 2 relative to the surface S and producing a cloud-like effect at one point and a distant outline at another, blending between the two points'.

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Figure 16 represents an extension of the idea of Figure 11 in that a T-shaped diverter is shown in association with two simple diverters 1 and the two wires 2 are shown alongside the T-shaped diverters. The tapes 1 in this instance may be made to serve as shields to prevent extension of the color outwardly thereof. This produces a shaded letter within a colored area superimposed upon an uncolored surface, being that portion outside of the shields 1.

In Figure 17 a tape-like diverter 1 has been superimposed upon a fiat diverter 3. The fiat diverter forms a sharp outline with little or no shading, while the tape-like diverter 1 will produce a shaded outline overlying the sharp outline, produced by the diverter 3. It will be understood that the tivo diverters are substantially alike in curvature, that is, they form substantially the same letter.

Figure 18 is a variation of the same idea, in which the upper diverter 3 is substantially the same as the lower diverter 3, so that the effect produced is of a quite sharp, broad let- .Y

ter, slightly shaded.

Figure 1 illustrates a typical composite diverter. The cross-section of this is shown in Figure 2, and is seen to consist of a tape-like diverter 1, having a broad diverter 3 superimposed thereupon or formed integral there- With, to form a diverter substantially T- shaped in cross-section and outlining the general form of the letter. Alongside of this, but not precisely of the same curvature, is the round diverter 2.

Figure 3 attempts to illustrate the effect produced, although the difficulty of illustration in one color what is actually formed in a plurality of shades and many blendings of coloring, will be apparent. This illustrates the principle of broad-line contact with the paper, so that the outline of the letter is left uncolored.

Figure 19 illustrates a diverter formed in varying heights, the left hand portion 1 being higher than the right hand portion 1. This would produce a variation in the details of shading.

Figure 2O illustrates a complex form of diverter in which there is superimposed upon the flat diverter, itself supported upon the tape-like diverter 1, further diverters 11. By this means it is possible to apply color, in a shaded manner, to substantially the entire surface, at the angle A', and to shield the larger part of the surface when color is applied at the angle A.

In Figure 21 is illustrated a diverter held in relieved contact with the surface S. The

entire diverter is supported upon pins 12 so that the lower edges of the diverter proper do not contact with the surface to be colored. Springs 13 hold the diverter yieldingly above the surface, and if the diverter is held or attracted to the Surface S by magnetic attraction, as is brought out in my application referred to above, the strength of the springs may be varied or made just sufficient to produce a given spacing of the diverter with a given strength of the magnetic pull, and different spacings can be obtained by varying the magnetic attraction.

Figure 22et illustrates a method of employing a primary type of diverter and Figure 22b shows the result of this method of use. The diverter is first employed in the full line position and the color is applied to produce the full line outline of the letter, as in Figure 22". It is then shifted to the dottedline position, whereupon a duplicate of the letter is produced, perhaps in a second color, alongside the original letter. The result is in effect a shaded letter in two colors.

Figure 23 illustrates a composite -diverter comprising the tape-like diverter 1, the broad diverter 3, supported thereon, and in addition a stencil 3, superimposed upon the diverter 3.

Figures 24a', 2&1 and 24, represent a composite diverter made up of a Wire-like diverter 2, resting upon the surface to be colored, and a tape-like diverter 2. At the point `c---c the tape-like diverter is Well elevated Aabove the surface, whereas at the points b-- the tape-like diverter rests upon the" surface. The effect is a blending of the image of the tape-like diverter from a heavy image at its lower end to a light image at its upper end, while the round diverter comes out the same throughout its length.

Figure 25a illustrates a diverter 1 having a relieved portion 14 between two supporting or contacting portions 15. By this means the terminal portions of the image, as illustrated in Figure 25", are uncolored, while the color applied from both sides of the diverter has access to the paper beneath the relieved portion lil, and thus produces a heavy line of the blended colors intermediate the uncolored end portions.

p In Figure 26 is shown the principle of hairline contact. In this, the lower edge 16 of the diverter 1 is brought down to a sharp edge which contacts with the surface S, to the end that the two colors substantially meet,`

and there is no broad or uncoloredportion lying beneath the edge of the diverter.

The manner of use of these diverters Will be clear from my previous patent, referred to above, and in general consists of applying the color or other stenciling or imparting medium at an angle to the surface on Which the diverters rest, so that portions thereof are intercepted by the diverters, thus forming shaded areas. at a different angle there are formed areas where the two or more colors blend together and shade into the individual colors. The diverters may be made of various materials, and if employed with a magnetic bed or platen should be of magnetic material. They By applying a second color V aan my be of Irubber, und if made of a suiciently 'ex'rble materiel may be made to assume -vurious positions and shapes.

What `I claim as my `invention is:

1. A diverter for the purpose specified comprising a body adapted to be placed and held in juxtaposition to u surface to be stenoiled, and having material height, but Without appreciable breadth to intercept a dif- 'fused medium projected towards it, at a general acute angle to the surface.

2. A diverter for the purpose specified comprising a body of appreciable height formed in the shape of a design to be stenoiled, and adapted to be positioned with an -edgetowards the surface to be stenciled.

3. A diverter for the purpose specied comprising a body of appreciable height formed in the shape of adesign to be stenciled, and having supporting contact niembers of no appreciable breadth disposed in thepluue of the surface to be stenciled, and extending angularly in such plane, to be self- Supportina 4. iA diverter for the purpose speciiied comprising a member of material height :formed in the shape of a design to be stenoiled, and adapted to be positioned in edge contact with a surface to be stenciled, and having portions of material breadth spaced above its lower edge.

5. A skeleton outline of a figure for use in stencili'ng said figure upon surfaces by spray application of a liquid medium, of appreciable height but in `appreciable breadth, having its under surfaces relieved to form undercutledges outlining its general form.

6. A skeleton outline of a figure for use in forming said figure upon surfaces b v interception of an imparting medium, adapted to be supported in juxtaposition to a surface, and having a material area arranged relative to the surface and the direction of direct or `reflected application of said medium, to be interposed therebetween, and modify the direction of such applied medium. 7. A skeleton outline of a figure for use in forming said figure upon surfaces by modification of the direction of a stream of an imparting medium directed towards such surfaces. said outline being adapted to be supported in juxtaposition to a surface, and havlng a material area arranged relative to the surface and the direction of application of Enidmedium, to be interposed therebetween `te defieet the medium directed or defiected towards the outline, and means of no vappreciable area contacting with the surface to be to 'support the skeleton outline upfmised therefrom.

8. diverter for the purpose specified msing' two or more members of mateday o1 July, 1929.

JUSTUS C. ZUBLL 

